Are Herbal Weight Loss Drugs Safe?
Serious side effects occur with weight loss pills (diet pills)
Weight loss drugs can be associated with important or serious side effects, or may have the potential for dependence and abuse. Some important warnings and side effects include:
- Many of the weight loss drugs known as sympathomimetic amines can stimulate the heart and lead to high blood pressure and a fast heart rate (tachycardia).
- Amphetamine-derivative, stimulant type weight loss drugs may be associated with constipation, dry mouth, restlessness, withdrawal effects, or insomnia (difficulty falling asleep), drug abuse and addiction.
- Lipase inhibitors such as Alli or Xenical (orlistat) have been associated with rare liver injury and patients should be alert for signs of liver disease such as itching, yellow skin or eyes (jaundice), stomach pain, loss of appetite, pale or tar-colored stools, brown-colored urine (due to excess bilirubin in the urine).
- Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) was FDA-approved as a new extended-release weight loss medication in 2012. Qsymia has restricted access because topiramate, one of the drugs contained in Qsymia, can lead to severe birth defects in pregnant women. This means you may only be able to get Qsymia from certified pharmacies or through the mail by the Qsymia Home Delivery network.
- Contrave (bupropion and naltrexone), approved in 2014 for weight loss, is not used for depression, but contains bupropion from the antidepressant class of drugs. Contrave’s label contains a boxed warning found on all antidepressants: a risk of suicidal thoughts and actions in children, adolescents, and young adults when used for depression. In addition, Contrave is also not approved for smoking cessation, but contains the same ingredient that is in Zyban, a medication used to help people stop smoking. Serious psychiatric side effects, like mood changes (depression, mania), psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, thoughts of suicide, and other serious events have been reported in patients using bupropion for smoking cessation.
- Saxenda (liraglutide) contains a boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumor cancer; however, studies have only identified this risk in animals at this point. However, if you have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2, you should not use Saxenda due to the possible risk of thyroid tumors.
Banned Weight Loss Drugs in the U.S.
- Fenfluramine (Pondimin), used in the combination drug fen-phen (fenfluramine/phentermine) was associated with dangerous heart valve side effects and is no longer available due to this side effect. Fenfluramine inhibits serotonin reuptake to reduce appetite. In 1997, the FDA withdrew fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine (Redux) from the U.S. market.
- Sibutramine (Meridia) was removed from the U.S. market in 2010, also due to an increased risk of serious heart side effects, including heart attack and stroke. Sibutramine blocks norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake to lead to the appetite suppressant effect.
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Will Insurance Pay For Weight Loss Medication?
Some, but not all, insurance plans cover medications that treat overweight and obesity. Contact your insurance provider to find out if your plan covers these medications.
Are Herbal Weight Loss Drugs Safe?
If you are interested in losing weight, you may have considered buying an”all-natural” or “herbal” diet weight loss product, also called a weight loss dietary supplement, at the store or from the Internet. These products may claim to "magically melt" fat away and seem like an easy fix to shed a few pounds. They claim you will “lose 10 pounds in one week”, but these products are fraudulent. It’s important to know that over-the-counter (OTC) dietary supplements are not FDA approved, either.
Federal regulators have warned that many of these marketed dietary supplements aren’t effective and may even cause serious side effects. Authorities have even found products that contain prescription drugs like sibutramine, withdrawn from the U.S. market in October 2010. The FDA notes that deaths have occurred with use of these dangerous products. Other ingredients discovered by the FDA include seizure medications, blood pressure treatments, and other drugs not FDA-approved.
Almost every week, the FDA removes tainted dietary supplements from the market due to health concerns. For example, in January 2016, the FDA issued an alert about “Pink Bikini and Shorts on the Beach Capsules” from Lucy's Weight Loss System of Arlington, TX. It was found that these weight loss aids contained sibutramine, phenolphthalein, and/or diclofenac, but these ingredients were not declared on the label. Sibutramine can cause increase blood pressure and/or pulse rate in some patients and may present a significant risk for patients with a history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, or stroke. Phenolphthalein was previously used in over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives, but was removed from the US market. Health risks linked to phenolphthalein could include potentially serious stomach upset, irregular heartbeat, and cancer with long-term use. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which could lead to serious side effects in patients taking other NSAIDs, with recent heart surgery, or with allergies to NSAIDs. NSAIDs can also lead to stomach bleeding, fatal heart attack or stroke.
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