Side Effects of Weight Loss Drugs (Diet Pills)
Side effects with weight loss drugs can vary depending upon the type of drug you take and how the drug works. Stimulants-type drugs like phentermine can lead to insomnia, increased blood pressure, fast heart rate, restlessness, drug dependence and abuse, and withdrawal symptoms. Drugs that interfere with fat absorption, such as orlistat (Alli), can lead to oily spotting, gas, and soft stools. Diet pills that affect neurotransmitters in the brain, such as Belviq (lorcaserin) or Contrave (bupropion and naltrexone) can be linked with headache, nausea and vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, and dizziness.
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Many stimulant-type weight loss medications like phentermine or diethylpropion are only recommended for short-term use (up to 12 weeks) due to risk of dependence and other side effects. However, orlistat (Alli, Xenical) can be used for longer-term weight loss, including the maintenance of previously lost weight. You can get Alli at the drugstore without a prescription.phentermine and topiramate), Belviq (lorcaserin), Contrave(bupropion and naltrexone), and Saxenda (liraglutide) are indicated for chronic, long-term use, but only if adequate weight loss (as outlined in the package labeling) occurs. If a 3 to 4 percent weight loss has not been achieved after 12 to 16 weeks, long-term treatment is typically stopped.
Weight loss medications are used alongside a low calorie diet and a doctor-approved exercise plan for best results. Plus, it’s important to know that most people will regain some or all of the weight they lost when they stop using weight loss drugs unless efforts are made to maintain their weight loss with diet and exercise.
FDA Approved Weight Loss Drugs
Appetite Suppressants (anorexiants)
Anorexiants are drugs that act in the brain to help lower a person’s appetite. They have an effect on the parts of the brain which help control how full you feel. Anorexiants are used as treatment for weight loss, along with a regular plan of diet and exercise. There are different types of appetite suppressants, including amphetamine-like stimulants and new weight loss drugs that act on neurotransmitters in the brain.
Stimulants
Side effects of stimulants may include: increased blood pressure and heart rate, insomnia, nervousness, blurred vision, restlessness, or headache. As these drugs are amphetamine-related, dependence, abuse or withdrawal may occur with long-term use. Some forms may cause stomach side effects like constipation, dry mouth, nausea or vomiting. A healthcare provider should be contacted if side effects like chest pain, pounding or rapid heartbeat, difficulty urinating, or shortness of breath occur. These drugs are also classified as controlled substances.
Examples of stimulants include:
- Adipex-P, Suprenza Lomaira (phentermine)
- Bontril PDM, Bontril SR (phendimetrazine)
- diethypropion
- Didrex, Regimex (benzphetamine)
- Desoxyn (methamphetamine)
- Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate ER)
Latest FDA Approved Weight Loss Drugs
- Belviq (lorcaserin) - It is thought that Belviq helps to decrease appetite and increase the feeling of fullness by working at a certain serotonin receptor in the brain. Headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, constipation are common side effects. Low blood sugar can occur in patients with diabetes. Belviq is classified as a CIV controlled substance.
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- Contrave (bupropion and naltrexone) - Bupropion is an antidepressant medicine, and naltrexone is usually given to block the effects of narcotics or alcohol in people with dependence, but both drugs may also curb hunger and food cravings. Contrave is not classified as a controlled substance.
- Saxenda (liraglutide) - Saxenda is a hormone injection tht works in the brain to helps control blood sugar, insulin levels, and digestion, but it also may also help with weight loss. The Victoza brand of liraglutide is used together with diet and exercise to treat type 2 diabetes. Saxenda and Victoza should never be used together. Saxenda is not a controlled substance.
- Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate ER) - Phentermine suppresses the appetite similar to an amphetamine stimulant. Topiramate is used a medication to control seizures. These drugs, when used together with diet and exercise, can lead to weight loss, but the exact way this occurs is not fully known. Qsymia is classified as a CIV controlled substance.
Lipase Inhibitors
Xenical, the prescription form of orlistat, was first FDA-approved in 1999. Xenical was followed by the lower dose, over-the-counter (OTC) orlistat (Alli) in 2007. Orlistat is unique in that does not affect the central nervous system to induce weight loss, but instead acts peripherally to prevent absorption of fat. Side effects can be unpleasant: oily spotting, gas, fecal urgency, soft stools, fecal incontinence, and the possibility of serious liver injury can occur. Take Alli or Xenical with a daily multivitamin that contains fat-soluble vitamins such A, D, E, K and beta carotene. Alli may reduce the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
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